2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery が発表されています.
Anesthesia and Analgesia 1月号にも載ってます
麻酔関連部分は,以下の通り
2.1. Anesthetic Considerations
Class I
1. Anesthetic management directed toward early postoperative extubation and accelerated recovery of low to medium-risk patients undergoing uncomplicated CABG is recommended.5–7 (Level of Evidence: B)
低から中等度リスクの複雑でない CABG を受ける患者において,術後の早期抜管,迅速な回復を目指す麻酔管理が推奨される (Level of Evidence: B)
2. Multidisciplinary efforts are indicated to ensure an optimal level of analgesia and patient comfort throughout the perioperative period.8–12 (Level of Evidence: B)
周術期を通しての十分な鎮痛や患者の快適性を確保する諸専門分野からの努力が必要である (Level of Evidence: B)
3. Efforts are recommended to improve interdisciplinary communication and patient safety in the perioperative environment (eg, formalized checklist-guided multidisciplinary communication).13–16 (Level of Evidence: B)
周術期の環境において諸専門分野間の意思疎通と患者の安全を改善する努力が推奨される (Level of evidence: B)
4. A fellowship-trained cardiac anesthesiologist (or experienced board-certified practitioner) credentialed in the use of perioperative transesophageal echocardiography is recommended to provide or supervise anesthetic care of patients who are considered to be at high risk.17–19 (Level of Evidence: C)
高リスクと考えられる患者においては,心臓麻酔専門訓練を受けた麻酔科医(あるいは経験のある専門資格のある臨床家)が経食道エコーを担当して麻酔管理を指導することが推奨される (Level of Evidence: C)
Class IIa
1. Volatile anesthestic-based regimens can be useful in facilitating early extubation and reducing patient recall.6,20–22 (Level of Evidence: A)
吸入麻酔薬に基づいた麻酔方法は早期抜管を促進し,患者の術中覚醒を減少させるのに有用である (Level of Evidence: A)
Class IIb
1. The effectiveness of high thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia for routine analgesic use is uncertain. 23–26 (Level of Evidence: B)
高位硬膜外麻酔/鎮痛のルーチンの鎮痛手段としての有効性は不明である (Level of Evidence: B)
Class III: HARM
1. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors are not recommended for pain relief in the postoperative period after CABG.27,28 (Level of Evidence: B)
Cox-2阻害薬は CABG 術後の鎮痛手段として推奨できない (Level of Evidence: B)
2. Routine use of early extubation strategies in facilities with limited backup for airway emergencies or advanced respiratory support is potentially harmful. (Level of Evidence: C)
気道の緊急事態や高度な呼吸サポートのために十分なバックアップがない施設においては,早期抜管戦略のルーチンの使用は有害である可能性がある (Level of Evidence: C)
2.2. Bypass Graft Conduit
Class I
1. If possible, the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) should be used to bypass the left anteriordescending (LAD) artery when bypass of the LAD artery is indicated.29–32 (Level of Evidence: B)
LAD へのバイパスが必要な場合,可能なら LIMA を使用すべきである (Level of Evidence: B)
Class IIa
1. The right internal mammary artery is probably indicated to bypass the LAD artery when the LIMA is unavailable or unsuitable as a bypass conduit. (Level of Evidence: C)
LIMA がバイパスグラフトとして使用できなかったり,適当でない場合,RIMA が LAD へのバイパスグラフトとして適当かもしれない (Level of Evidence: C)
2. When anatomically and clinically suitable, use of a second internal mammary artery to graft the left circumflex or right coronary artery (when critically stenosed and perfusing LV myocardium) is reasonable to improve the likelihood of survival and to decrease reintervention.33–37 (Level of Evidence: B)
解剖学的,臨床的に適するなら,2本目の IMA を LCx や RCA (危機的に狭窄していたり,左室心筋を灌流している場合)にグラフトとして使用することは生存率を向上し,再手術を減少させるために適当である (Level of Evidence: B)
Class IIb
1. Complete arterial revascularization may be reasonable in patients less than or equal to 60 years of age with few or no comorbidities. (Level of Evidence: C)
60歳以下で合併症がないか軽い患者では,完全な動脈の再灌流は妥当である(Level of Evidence: C)
2. Arterial grafting of the right coronary artery may be reasonable when a critical (>90%) stenosis is present. 32,36,38 (Level of Evidence: B)
危機的な狭窄 (>90%) がある場合,RCA への動脈グラフトの使用は妥当である (Level of Evidence: B)
3. Use of a radial artery graft may be reasonable when grafting left-sided coronary arteries with severe stenoses (>70%) and right-sided arteries with critical stenoses (>90%) that perfuse LV myocardium. 39–44 (Level of Evidence: B)
LCA が重度に狭窄 (>70%) していたり,RCA が危機的に狭窄し (>90%),左室心筋を灌流している場合,橈骨動脈グラフトを使用することは妥当かもしれない(Level of Evidence: B)
Class III: HARM
1. An arterial graft should not be used to bypass the right coronary artery with less than a critical stenosis (<90%).32 (Level of Evidence: C)
危機的な狭窄 (<90%) がない RCA へは,動脈グラフトは使用されるべきではない (Level of Evidence: C)
2.3. Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiography
Class I
1. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography should be performed for evaluation of acute, persistent, and life-threatening hemodynamic disturbances that have not responded to treatment.45,46 (Level of Evidence: B)
治療に反応せず, 急性で持続する生命を脅かすような血行動態の障害の評価には,術中経食道エコーが行なわれるべきである (Level of Evidence: B)
2. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography should be performed in patients undergoing concomitant valvular surgery.45,47 (Level of Evidence: B)
同時に弁手術が行なわれる患者では,術中経食道エコーが行なわれるべきである (Level of Evidence: B)
Class IIa
1. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography is reasonable for monitoring of hemodynamic status, ventricular function, regional wall motion, and valvular function in patients undergoing CABG.46,48–53 (Level of Evidence: B)
CABG を受ける患者では血行動態,心室機能,局所壁運動,弁機能のモニタリングのために術中経食道エコーを行なうのが妥当である (Level of Evidence: B)
2.4. Preconditioning/Management of Myocardial Ischemia
Class I
1. Management targeted at optimizing the determinants of coronary arterial perfusion (eg, heart rate, diastolic or mean arterial pressure, and right ventricular or LV end-diastolic pressure) is recommended to reduce the risk of perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction.54–58 (Level of Evidence: B)
冠動脈灌流の決定因子最適化を目指す管理は,周術期の心筋虚血と心筋梗塞のリスクを減少させるため推奨される (Level of Evidence: B)
Class IIa
1. Volatile-based anesthesia can be useful in reducing the risk of perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction.59–62 (Level of Evidence: A)
吸入麻酔薬に基づく麻酔法は周術期の心筋虚血や梗塞のリスクを減少させるのに役立つだろう (Level of Evidence: A)
Class IIb
1. The effectiveness of prophylactic pharmacological therapies or controlled reperfusion strategies aimed at inducing preconditioning or attenuating the adverse consequences of myocardial reperfusion injury or surgically induced systemic inflammation is uncertain. 63–70 (Level of Evidence: A)
プレコンディショニングや心筋再灌流障害.手術による全身炎症の軽減を目的とした予防的な薬物療法やコントロールされた再灌流戦略の効果は不明である 63–70 (Level of Evidence: A)
2. Mechanical preconditioning might be considered to reduce the risk of perioperative myocardial ischemia and infarction in patients undergoing off-pump CABG.71–73 (Level of Evidence: B)
OPCAB を施行する患者では周術期の心筋虚血と心筋梗塞のリスクを減少させるために,機械的プレコンディショニングが考慮されてもよい 71–73 (Level of Evidence: B)
3. Remote ischemic preconditioning strategies using peripheral-extremity occlusion/reperfusion might be considered to attenuate the adverse consequences of myocardial reperfusion injury.74–76 (Level of Evidence: B)
心筋再灌流障害の害を軽減するために,四肢の閉塞/再灌流を用いたリモートプレコンディショニング戦略が考慮されてもよい 74–76 (Level of Evidence: B)
4. The effectiveness of postconditioning strategies to attenuate the adverse consequences of myocardial reperfusion injury is uncertain.77,78 (Level of Evidence: C)
心筋再灌流障害の害を軽減するためのポストコンディショニングの効果は不明である 77,78 (Level of Evidence: C)
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